Obafemi James AKINMADE, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Stress affects normal physiological conditions and hence the need for the study which was designed to check the effect of tetraiodothyronine in stress induce adult female wistar rat when treated with vitamin C and E. The animals where divided into four groups of five animals each and treated with vitamin c and e (100mg/kg each) via oral administration as they were deprived of sleep for 20hrs each day, consecutively for a period of 7days. At the end of the experiment animals were sacrificed and sera from blood was obtained for assay of T4. Result obtained from the study showed that, there was a significant increase in level of T4 in sleep untreated group when compared with control. Also, a significant increase in level of T4 was observed for groups treated with vitamin c and e when compared with sleep deprived untreated. In conclusion, vitamin c and e have effect on level of cortisol in sleep deprived female wistar rats.

Zainab ZUBAIRU, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Stress is a feeling of mental press and tension on an organism over a period of time. It is known to have affect most population. Oestrogen being a significant compound on the body’s development of an organism and its alteration along with others hormones is reported to have cause negative health effects. This study was designed to investigate the effects of stress on oestrogen level in stress induced female wistar rats. Twenty (20) adult wistar rats were of weight 120-180 kg were randomly divided into four (4) groups of 5 wistar rats each (n=5); Group I: Normal control 1ml/kg Distilled water, Group II: Sleep deprived untreated + distilled water (1ml/kg) only, Group III: Sleep deprived + Vit C (100mg/kg) and Group IV: Sleep deprived + Vit E (100mg/kg). After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical analysis. The result showed that by comparing the untreated to the control, there is statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) and also comparing the treated with the treated group showed statistically significant increase. Thus, the control of this result showed normal production and release of oestrogen in comparism to both the treated and untreated groups.

Michael Oji ANYA, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Stress is a major concern because it decreases the normal healthy function of the Human body. One of its effects is decreased Reproductive function therefore understanding of stress management is necessary for the maintenance of normal fetal life and normal healthy life in general. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Progesterone on sleep deprived-induced stress Adult Female Wistar Rats when treated with Ascorbic acid and Tocopherol (Vitamin C and E). The sleep deprivation was conducted to induce stress. Rats were individually suspended in water for 20hours using platform technique. They were also allowed to rest for about 4hours each day for the next 7days. A total of twenty (20) Adult female Wistar rats were grouped into four groups with a total of five rats (n=5) in each group. Group I which is the control group received 1ml/kg of distilled water, Group II which is stress induced untreated received 1mg/kg of Distilled water, Group III was treated with 100mg/kg of Vitamin C and where sleep deprived (stress induced), and Group IV was treated with 100mg/kg of Vitamin E and were also sleep deprived. After seven (7) days the animals where sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in progesterone level was observed in the stress induced and Vitamin E compared to the control group. A significant increase (p<0.05) between SD-Untreated compared to SD treated with Vitamin C was also observed. Also there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) found in the SD treated with Vitamin E when compared to Control and SD treated with Vitamin C. The results obtained and the findings indicate that Vitamin C increases the progesterone level in sleep deprived (stress induced) Adult female Wistar rats.

Victory James ANPE, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

The female physiological system is a dynamic system; fluctuations in hormonal levels that arise due to physiologic function. Stress affects normal physiologic functions that could alter biosynthesis of hormones. Hence, the essence of this study was design to evaluate the effect of cortisol, prolactin, progesterone, estrogen, T3, T4 on sleep induce stress in adult female wistar rats treated with vitamin C and E. Using modified platform technique model, the animal was subjected to sleep induce stress by depriving them of sleep for 20hrs for a period of 7days. The animals were randomly divided into four groups of five (n=5) each, Group 1 (control) were administered 1 ml of distil water; group 2 were sleep deprived untreated and were administered 1ml of distil water; group 3 were sleep deprived treated with 100mg/kg of vitamin C and group 4 were sleep deprived treated with 100mg/kg of vitamin E. Sera from blood of euthanized animals was analysed for the assay of cortisol, prolactin, progesterone, estrogen, T3, T4. Findings from the study showed significant increase in level of cortisol when compared with control (433.60 ±12.60 vs 325.80 ±7.67). Groups treated with vitamin C and E showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) compared with untreated group. In conclusion, ascorbic acid and tocopherol reduces cortisol level in sleep induce stress of adult female wistar rat.

Oche Victor AGBO, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Stress and its psychological manifestations are inherent in life and a major source of concern in the modern society. This study was designed to evaluate how stress affect the level of prolactin in sleep deprived induced stress in female wistar rats treated with ascorbic acid and tocopherol. Stress was induced by subjecting the female wistar rats to twenty (20) hours of sleep deprivation after which animals were allowed to rest for only four (4) hours for a period of seven (7) days using a modified platform technique. A total of twenty female wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of five rats (n=5). Group I was the control which received 1ml/kg distilled water, group II was sleep deprived and untreated and received 1ml/kg distilled water, group III were treated with 100mg/kg vitamin C and group were treated with 100mg/kg vitamin E. After seven days the female wistar rats were sacrificed and blood sample was collected and centrifuged for biochemical analysis. The results show that there was an increase in prolactin level in the sleep deprived untreated group with that of control group. The sleep deprived group treated with vitamin C shows a significant (at p≤0.05) increase in prolactin level when compared with sleep deprived untreated group and control group. Whereas the sleep deprived group treated with vitamin E shows an insignificant (at p≤0.05) decrease in prolactin when compared with sleep deprived untreated group and control group. The finding of this study indicate that vitamin C increases the prolactin level in sleep deprived induced stress in female wistar rats whereas vitamin E does not have any significant effect in prolactin levels.

Rukaiyat ABUBAKAR, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Stress is one of the most fundamental problems spanning through human endeavor, it is considered as an irritating problem that continue to pose threat to the goal of an individual, hence, this research is aimed to study the effect of Tri-iodothyronine (T3) in stress induced female wistar rat treated with ascorbic acid Tocopherol. The stress was induced by sleep deprivation for seven days the rat was sleep deprive for 20hours after which are allowed to rest for 4hours. Total of twenty female wistar rat were grouped into four groups of five rat each (N=5). Group 1 which is the control received 1mg/kg of distilled water, group 2 which is the stress induced and untreated group received 1mg/kg of distilled water, group 3 which is stressed and treated received 100mg/kg of ascorbic acid and group 4 which is stress and treated received 100mg/kg of Tocopherol. The duration of the treatment lasted for 7 days after which they were sacrificed and samples of blood were collected for biochemical analysis, the result shows that there is decrease in T3 level in the stress induced and untreated group, increase in the T3 level in the stress induced and treated with ascorbic acid, decrease in T3 level in the stress induced treated with Tocopherol compare to the control group. In conclusion the findings of the study indicate that Ascorbic acid increases T3 level in sleep deprived stress- induced adult female wistar rat and decrease in T3 level when treated with Tocopherol.

Haruna Muhammad KOLO, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Devices such as mobile phones, wireless internet modems, and radios and televisions, which occupy an important place in social life, produce electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Widespread use of these devices in daily life increases the intensity of exposure to EMFs on a day to day basis. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to mobile phone radiation and possible modulatory role of glutathione in depression-like behavior in mice. Thirty five (35) male albino mice were randomly divided into seven groups of 5 animals each: group I: (control), group II: exposed to mobile phone in ringtone mode, group III: exposed to mobile phone in vibration mode, group IV: exposed to mobile phone in silent mode, group V: exposed to mobile phone in ringtone + glutathione, group VI: exposed to mobile phone in vibration + glutathione, and group VII: exposed to mobile phone in silent + glutathione. The mice in group II to VII were exposed to four hours’ mobile phone radiation within the range of 295 to 300 missed calls per day for 6 weeks plus. Group I (control) was not exposed to any form of radiation or glutathione, but exposed to the same environmental condition as the other groups before Neurobehavioral studies for assessing depression were carried out. The result shows that there was statistically significance (p <0.05) when all the groups were compared to each other. In conclusion, the result of present study shows that 6weeks exposure to chronic mobile phone radiation and glutathione administration, show significance effect on depression-like behavior in mice.

Maryam SALMAN, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2021

Azanza garckeana commonly known as Goron tula is widely consumed in Northern Nigeria owing to its numerous therapeutic effects. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of methanol fruit pulp of Azanza garckeana on blood glucose level. The acute study was conducted on nine rats which were grouped into three groups with three animals each. Group one served as control and were treated with 10% Tweene 80. Groups two and three were treated orally with 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of methanol fruit pulp of Azanza garckeana respectively for two weeks. The sub-acute study was conducted on a total of thirty-two (32 n) animals which were divided into four groups each consisting of eight rats. Group one served as the control group and were administered 10% Tweene 80. Group two, three and four were treated with 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg of the extract. The route of administration was oral throughout. The sub-acute study was carried out for twenty-eight (28) days. The blood samples were collected at a weekly interval at the end of week one, two, three and four. The result of the acute study showed that there was no observable changes in both behavioural pattern and physical appearance therefore the extract is considered non-toxic at both high and low doses. The blood glucose result showed no difference between the groups which means that the extract does not have significant ability to cause changes in blood glucose level. In conclusion, methanol fruit pulp extract of Azanza garckeana does not have significant effect on blood glucose level of adult male Wistar rats.

Basiratu Chindo SANI, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Pain is always subjective. Each individual learns the application of the word through life’s experiences related to injury. Biologists recognize that those stimuli which cause pain are liable to cause tissue damage. A diurnal rhythm is a periodic or rhythmic change in the physiological or behavioral characteristics of an organism with a periodicity of approximately 24hours which regulates behavior, organs and cells in living organisms, studies have highlighted the influence of circadian rhythms on pain sensitivity. The study, “Diurnal variation in mechanical pain threshold in female swiss albino mice” was used to examine the effect of diurnal variation on mechanically- induced pain in mice paw. Following the procedure of the Randall-Selitto test, twenty swiss albino mice were grouped into two (light and dark phase) and subjected to mechanical pain induced by an analgesiometer in the morning (light phase) and in the evening (dark phase) for a duration of two days. From the results obtained, it was seen that mechanical pain threshold was higher during the dark phase than in the light phase although it was not statistically significant. It may be concluded that mechanical pain threshold may exhibit diurnal or temporal fluctuation