Discover Nigeria's Academic Research

Nafisat ISSA, Botany - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influences the germination, growth, survival and reproduction of other organisms. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Eugenia jambolana leaf aqueous extract on the growth of Vigna unguiculata. Aqueous extract of the leaves of Eugenia jambolana were screened for phytochemicals and its effect on the growth of Vigna unguiculata were investigated. The leaf extract was made into a solution to obtain two rates (100mg, 300mg, 500mg, 800mg and 1000mg) which were compared with the control (0g). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates and phenols. The aqueous extract significantly (p<0.05) had higher inhibitory effect on the radicle and plumule lenght of Vigna unguiculata from Day 4 and Day 5 after planting when compared to the control and other treatments (100mg, 300mg and 500mg) to that of 800mg and 1000mg.

Mustapha MURTALA, Building Technology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

The aim of the study is to assess the factors leading to wastage of timber in some selected construction site within Mabushi Abuja.

Olatunji Mutalib ADELE, Accounting Education - Lagos State University, Ojo, 2024

The study investigates the impact of lesson plan in the teaching and learning of accounting education student in senior secondary school in Ojo local government area. The study adopted an experimental design. The sample for the study consists of twenty student from each school(ten in the control group and ten in the experimental group) which makes a total of two hundred secondary school teachers. The instruments used for this research was a questionnaire that consists of twenty-one items. The data collected from the respondents was analyzed using the Statistical Package For Social Sciences(SPSS). The research hypotheses revealed that Lesson plan has a role in the teaching and learning of accounting education student in senior secondary school. Lesson plan influences the academic performance of accounting education student in secondary schoo. Teachers should be trained in the use of lesson plan in accounting education, also assessment tools should be developed to measure the effectiveness of lesson plan in improving student learning outcomes.

Olumide Samuel ADEBAJO, Political Science Education - Lagos State University, Ojo, 2024

The study examines factors that influence students motivation and engagement in government, in Lagos state secondary school district IV. The study adopted an experimental design. The sample for the study consists of twenty student from each school (ten in the control group and ten in the experimental group) which makes a total of two hundred secondary school teachers. The instruments used for this research was a questionnaire that consists of twenty-one items. The data collected from the respondents was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The primary purpose of this research is to investigate and comprehensively understand the factors that influence student motivation and engagement in the study of government in secondary schools within Lagos State. Specifically, to identify and examine the key factors that impact student motivation and engagement in government education, encompassing both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and aslo to evaluate the effectiveness of different pedagogical approaches and teaching methods in promoting student interest and active engagement in the subject of government. To explore the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on students' motivation and engagement in government education, recognizing the diverse backgrounds within Lagos State and lastly to investigate how assessment and evaluation methods in government education contribute to or hinder student motivation and engagement.

Oluwatoyin Mary OLAWUYI, Botany - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

The study is aimed at isolating and identifying the fungi associated with late blight of potatoes in Jos South Local Government Area of plateau State. The infected leaf samples were collected from three different fields in Jos South Local Government Area and transported to the laboratory, the infected leaves were cut into smaller portions using a sterile blade and inoculated on the Potato Dextrose Agar, it was incubated at room temperature for 5 days after which the different colonies obtained were identified using the slide culture technique. The result obtained indicated the presence of 3 different fungal species with their percentage occurrence: Phytophtora sp. (50%), Aspergillus niger (33.3%) and Aspergillus flavus (16.7%), However Phytophtora sp. was the most predominant specie while Aspergillus flavus was the least common. It was concluded that 3 fungal species were found to be responsible for the deterioration of potato plant in the potato fields in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State. In order to prevent the fungal infection on the leaves and other parts of the plant, this study recommends the development of suitable cultural, chemical and management practices to improve the quality of potato tuber right from the field.

Rofiat ABUBAKAR , Botany - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

In vitro anti-trypanosomal effects of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Ocimum sanctum against Trypanosoma brucei brucei was examined. The leaf of Ocimum sanctum was collected and maceration method was used for extraction. Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using the method described by (Trease and Evans). Which revealed the presence and absence of active compounds which includes; alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and it further revealed the absence of anthraquinones The in vitro test of anti-trypanosomal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum was carried out in a 96 well micro-titre plate. Twenty micro-litres (20µl) of blood were exposed to 10µl of the extract solution concentration of 2.5mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml respectively 10µl of the standard drug Diminazine diaceturate, was used as the positive control; while 10µl of phosphate buffered saline glucose was used as the negative control. At five minutes’ incubation, a drop of the incubated blood sample was placed on a glass slide, covered with a cover slip and mounted on a light microscope. The parasite was monitored every 5 minutes of a total of 60 minute, the parasite motility was observed and tracked under microscope at X400 magnification. It was discovered that the leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum exhibited anti-trypanosomal activity in a concentration and time dependent manner on the parasite. When the parasite was exposed to 2.5mg/ml of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum, the parasites were slightly weak in 5 minutes of exposure, under 10 minutes of exposure, motility ceased until 60 minutes. The same procedure applies for 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum, the parasite's motility ceased in 5 minutes till 60 minutes of these concentrations. It can be concluded that the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum exhibited good anti-trypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The bioactive compounds in the plant extract are attributed to the anti-trypanosomal activity. The p-value is < 0.05, here we reject the null hypothesis and concluded that the Ocimum sanctum leaf extract has significant anti-trypanosomal activity.

Basiratu Chindo SANI, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Pain is always subjective. Each individual learns the application of the word through life’s experiences related to injury. Biologists recognize that those stimuli which cause pain are liable to cause tissue damage. A diurnal rhythm is a periodic or rhythmic change in the physiological or behavioral characteristics of an organism with a periodicity of approximately 24hours which regulates behavior, organs and cells in living organisms, studies have highlighted the influence of circadian rhythms on pain sensitivity. The study, “Diurnal variation in mechanical pain threshold in female swiss albino mice” was used to examine the effect of diurnal variation on mechanically- induced pain in mice paw. Following the procedure of the Randall-Selitto test, twenty swiss albino mice were grouped into two (light and dark phase) and subjected to mechanical pain induced by an analgesiometer in the morning (light phase) and in the evening (dark phase) for a duration of two days. From the results obtained, it was seen that mechanical pain threshold was higher during the dark phase than in the light phase although it was not statistically significant. It may be concluded that mechanical pain threshold may exhibit diurnal or temporal fluctuation

Okpanachi Abubakar , Electrical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This research work proposed the use of genetic algorithm methods for the optimal allocation of multiple distributed generation units in a distribution network. The aim of the integration is to minimize the system losses and enhance voltage profile of the distribution network. This combination guarantees convergence accuracy and speed in multiple distributed generation units’ allocation. The active power, size, and location are simultaneously considered during distribution network loss minimization. This proposed technique is applied to 33-bus test distribution systems. The test results show that the proposed genetic algorithm (GA) could lead to optimal or near-optimal solution, while requiring lower computational effort.

Hammed Adeyinka ADEBISI, Mass Communication - Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, 2022

The study focused on the influence of social media on the electorate’s perception of political aspirants: A comparative study of Peter Obi and Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s campaign for Presidency. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent to which social media influenced the electorate's choice of candidate for Presidency and to examine the influence of social media on the electorate’s perception of the presidential candidates. The study appraised several concepts such as social media, political participation, and voting behavior of the electorate. The theoretical studies’ review for the study was based on Marshall McLuhan’s Technological Determinism Theory, Agenda Setting Theory, and Social Judgment Theory. The population of the study was the electorate in Abeokuta who use social media, especially residents of Oluwo community in Abeokuta. Primary and secondary sources of data gathering were employed. The survey method, which allowed for data gathering from two hundred (200) respondents, was adopted, while one hundred and ninety-two (192) copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and processed. Data were tested using simple percentages and Chi-Square at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study showed that there is a significant relationship between social media and electorate's voting behavior. Social media influences the electorate’s perception of the current presidential candidates. It was concluded that social media serve as credible tools and are capable of influencing the image of political candidates in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that political candidates should carefully plan and execute communication strategies using various social media tools, so as to fully enjoy the inherent benefits of the social media tools (i.e. credibility and awareness).

Asmau Yakubu MOHAMMED , Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

While youths and university students generally have lower rates of morbidity and mortality, they frequently have noticeable health issues that are often hidden and/or underdiagnosed. Some of these health problems are related to behaviours that are common within this age group/demographic. Still, reports show that their utilization of health services is low. Poor health seeking behaviour is common among them, which could be detrimental to their overall health and well-being.

Blessing Emmanuel AMATEMESO, Community Medicine - University of Calabar, 2023

Although women are the direct users of emergency contraceptive, it is well documented that men’s general knowledge and attitude towards contraception greatly influences their preferences and options. Men are also responsible for the large proportion of consequences of unsafe abortion suffered by their female partners. Male dominant cultures usually promote virility and as such the male partners usually make the final decisions. Hence, if pregnancy is not desired, contraception should be a joint effort by both parties. Male involvement helps not only in accepting a contraception but also in its effective use (Nazish as cited in Obarisiagbon et al, 2017) In a study conducted in Botswana, men rarely participate in contraception and other health reproductive activities due to traditions, gender, inequality, upbringing, legal restraints, customary Laws, bias, nurses’ attitude towards men who bring their partners towards to hospital for counselling (Wanannai, 2013).

Musa Zainab MUSTAPHA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of individual is assessed to have an information on how health status affects the quality of life. The Almajiri children continue to face several challenges that pose a threat to their health and well-being. Consequentially, this is seen to affect their quality of life. The aim of this study is to assess the health-related quality of life of Almajirai in selected Qur’anic Schools in Sabon Gari Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State.

Suleiman Muktar SALKA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Self-medication among medical students is on the increase. Though the WHO recommends the practice of self-medication, inappropriate use can lead to several consequences. Various factors influence the pattern of self-medication, the choice of drugs, reasons, duration of treatment, likelihood to see a doctor after not getting relief and the type of ailment it is being used for.

Abdulmuiz Idowu ABDULKADRI, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Prostatic Cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among Nigerian men and the second most common cause of cancer related death in men worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and perception of PCa among middle-aged men in Biye Community, and to also assess the prevalence of the disease in the community.

TUMBA Nuhu, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2007

This study showed a high injury rate among health care workers as shown by other studies. Even though the level of safety awareness is fair, the practice of universal precaution is poor. Hence, concerted effort is needed to encourage health care workers to adhere to the principles of universal precautions, for the sake of their health and that of their patients.

Jega Abdulmajeed Ibrahim, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is a common health issue among university students, influenced by risk factors like Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, and lifestyle habits. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and prevalence of PUD risk factors among students at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, to address gaps in awareness and inform health interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2025 with 240 ABU undergraduate students, selected via multistage sampling across 16 faculties. Data was collected using a semi-structured electronic questionnaire on sociodemographics, knowledge, perception, and prevalence of PUD risk factors. Knowledge was scored as good (≥50%) or poor (<50%), perception was assessed via a Likert scale, and prevalence was based on self-reported behaviours. Data was analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Of the 240 respondents (mean age 22.86 years, 57.5% male), 57.1% had good knowledge of PUD risk factors, though misconceptions (e.g., spicy foods as a cause) persisted. Perception was accurate in 60%, with 40% showing misconceptions. Prevalence of risk factors was low (95%), with occasional NSAID use (54.6%) and meal skipping (62.5%) most common; only 10% tested positive for H. pylori. No significant link was found between knowledge and prevalence (p = 0.163). While many ABU students have reasonable knowledge and perception of PUD risk factors, gaps and misconceptions remain, and prevalence of modifiable risk factors is low. Health education and screening programs are recommended to improve awareness and reduce PUD risk.

Yisa Abdulhammed Yinka, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

First aid is an essential skill for secondary school teachers, who are often the first to respond to emergencies involving students. However, studies in Nigeria and other parts of the world have shown gaps in teachers’ knowledge, perception, and practice of first aid. In Nigeria, limited school health services have made it even more important for teachers to be well-prepared. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of first aid among secondary school teachers in Sabon Gari Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 379 secondary school teachers from both public and private schools in Sabon Gari LGA. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data were collected in March 2025 using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25, and results were presented in tables. Associations between selected variables and level of practice were tested using a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH). The mean age of the respondents was 34.31 ± 7.929 years, with most (49.6%) aged between 26 and 35 years. Good knowledge of first aid was recorded in 68.3% of respondents, and 95.3% had a positive perception toward its importance. However, only 59.3% had good practice, and 22.2% had never administered first aid. Practice was significantly associated with age (p = 0.009), educational qualification (p = 0.001), and type of school (p = 0.002), but not with perception (p = 0.340). Although most teachers had good knowledge and a positive perception of first aid, the level of practice was sub-optimal. Some teachers had never administered first aid, showing that more needs to be done to prepare them for emergencies. It is recommended that the Kaduna State Ministry of Education provide regular training and supply first aid materials to schools to improve emergency response.

Maikano Abigail Stanley, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Cervical cancer remains a major public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where screening uptake is low. Early detection through regular screening is key to reducing cervical cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Female undergraduates, being in the sexually active age group, are at risk and their awareness is vital in the prevention of the disease. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and uptake of cervical cancer screening among female undergraduate students of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed involving 312 female undergraduate students of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, selected through multistage sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The results were presented using tables and charts. The mean age of respondents was 23.23±2.43. Only 64.4% have heard of cervical cancer screening and 12.8% had good knowledge. Most of the respondents (98.4%) had a positive perception of cervical cancer screening. Only 7.4% had ever been screened for cervical cancer screening. There was a statistically significant relationship between marital status and the uptake of cervical cancer screening. There is a significant gap between positive perception and actual uptake of cervical cancer screening among female undergraduates at Ahmadu Bello University. While most respondents acknowledge the importance of screening, poor knowledge and several barriers, such as lack of awareness of screening centres and absence of symptoms, hinder utilization. There is a need for targeted health education and awareness programs to bridge knowledge gaps, correct misconceptions, and promote positive attitudes toward screening.

Shehu Maryam Ingawa, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Induced abortion is termination of pregnancy before the age of viability. Unsafe induced abortion contributes significantly to maternal mortality and morbidity especially in developing countries. Induced abortion occurs in Nigeria despite law restricting abortion. Despite several efforts to improve on abortion services, legal constraints, religious and sociocultural factors prevent the access to induced abortion. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and perception of induced abortion among women attending antenatal and reproductive health clinics in ABUTH, Zaria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Systematic random sampling was used to select 140 women of reproductive age. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS v27 with statistical significance set at p< 0.05. The mean age ± SD was 28.88 ± 5.31 years. About 53.6% of respondents had good knowledge of induced abortion, 96.4% showed positive attitude, and 97.1% had a positive perception. The major sources of information were friends (47.9%) and family (45%). Statistically significant associations were found between knowledge and source of income (p=0.002). Age had a significant association with attitude (p=0.013). Despite the majority having positive attitudes and perceptions towards induced abortion, knowledge levels remain moderate, indicating the need for improved educational interventions and awareness campaigns.

Musa Abdulrasheed Olamilekan, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

Anhedonia refers to the inability to experience enjoyment or pleasure from usually gratifying activities. It is regarded as a central symptom of depression and serves as a common basis for diagnosing this disorder. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) affects over 300 million people globally. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum verum on anxiety, anhedonia and oxidative stress biomarkers in Swiss albino mice. Thirty (30) animals were divided into 6 groups (n=5). The animals (except Group I (normal control)) were subjected to Open Space Forced Swim Test (OSFST) intermittently for two (2) weeks with daily administration of required drugs. Other groupings are; group II (Negative control), group III (OSFST + Cinnamon 100 mg/kg), group IV (OSFST + Cinnamon 200 mg/kg), group V (OSFST + Cinnamon 400mg/kg), group VI (OSFST + Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg). On day 14, administration stopped and mice were then subjected to Sucrose Preference Test (SPT) and also Open Field Test (OFT). At the end of neurobehavioral tests, the animals were sacrificed and various biological samples were extracted for laboratory analysis. The result obtained showed statistical significance (p<0.05) in main effect of time and treatment and also in the interaction between time and treatment on immobility time in mice subjected to OSFST model. In conclusion, aqueous bark extract of cinnamon demonstrates an antidepressant-like effect on depressed mice exposed to OSFST and SPT but did not significantly affect anxiety behaviors and locomotor activity of the mice subjected to OFT.