Discover Nigeria's Academic Research

Rashida SABO, Nursing Science - Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences, 2024

The research work was carried out in yana community, shira L.G.A, Bauchi state. It was based on perceived impact of early marriage among teenage Girls in Yana community,shira L.G.A, Bauchi state. The aim of these study is to find out the Perceived impact of early marriage among teenage women in yana. Three (3) objectives were formulated with three corresponding research questions. The objectives were to find out the perceived factor contributing to early marriage among teenage Girls in Yana community; to identify the Perceived impacts of early marriage among teenage Girls in Yana community; to suggest the various strategies of preventing early marriage among teenage Girls in Yana community. A descriptive survey design was used. The result of the findings revealed that complications of pregnancy and childbirth such as increase rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity accounting for(3.2) and mortality and health conditions such as vesicovaginal fistula of rectovaginal fistula accounting for(3.1) are the main cause of death among adolescent girls in developing countries, low educational level and absence of law accounting for (2.8) and extreme poverty accounting for (3.3) may make daughters an economic burden on their family which may be relieved by their early marriage, child marriage threatens the health and lives of girls, prevention of early marriage are parent/guardians that account for (3.2) who are in close contact with the child to supervise her behavior and the company she keeps. In Conclusion Base on the findings in this research, it has been concluded that low educational level and absence of law is the main Perceived factor that contribute to early marriage among other factors with depression, anxiety, worries, increase rate of maternal morbidity and mortality.

Auwal Abdulmalik MUHAMMAD, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Digital eye strain is a public health problem. It is the number one occupational hazard of the 21st century. It causes considerable reduction in productivity in working environment. In today’s world, the use of smartphone is a necessity for majority of people, but not many of them consider the medical consequences of using smartphones.15 The aim of this work was to assess the knowledge, attitude and prevention practices on the use of mobile phone light among ABU students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May, 2023 using a multi-stage sampling method to select 153 students of ABU, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of an adapted, pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using SPSS and Microsoft excel statistical software. The results were presented in frequency tables. The Chi-square test was used to assess the associations between categorical variables. The level of significance was set at <5% Up to 61.4% of the respondents were within the age group 21 and 25 years. A total of 75.8% of the respondents had good knowledge of digital eye strain, with a mean score of 1.71. Another 66% of the respondents followed healthy practices regarding digital eye strain, with a mean score of 0.66. However, the attitude was negative among majority of the respondents, as only 34% of the respondents had positive attitude towards digital eye strain. The study indicates that despite the good level of knowledge and healthy practices regarding digital eye strain among ABU students, majority of them still have negative attitude towards digital eye strain. Educational strategies to raise awareness on digital eye strain were recommended.

Idris Muhammad YAHAYA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

HBV is one of the most prevalent and a serious Global public Health problem, affecting more than 2 billion people Worldwide with more than 350 million people approximately infected with chronic infection. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the three main blood-borne infections associated with occupational exposure in the health-care and laboratory setting and remain a significant burden to HCW. This study aimed to assess the Knowledge, attitude and practices of HBV PEP among Health Workers of ABUTH, Shika, Zaria.

Mistura Ayo-Ola MAHMUD , Agricultural Education - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This study investigates the perceptions of crop farmers in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, regarding the impact of digital technology on agricultural productivity and income. With the rapid advancement of digital tools in agriculture, including precision farming, mobile applications, and digital marketplaces, the potential for enhancing productivity and income has never been greater. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, digital literacy, and cost barriers continue to impede widespread adoption. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 148 crop farmers, assessing their awareness, adoption, and perceived impacts of digital technology on farming practices. The study reveals that while many farmers recognize the benefits of digital tools in optimizing resources and improving crop yields, adoption remains low due to high costs and limited access to necessary technologies. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve infrastructure, provide affordable digital tools, and enhance training programs. These measures could help to increase the adoption of digital technology and thereby improve the productivity and income of farmers in the region.

Mahdiya Oyiza, SALIHU, Nursing Science - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

Menstruation is the cyclical discharge of blood, secretions, and tissue debris from the uterus that recurs in nonpregnant breeding-age primate females. Menstrual hygiene and management, in females, is the act of using a clean absorbent material to collect menstrual blood, with adequate privacy to change at any time, use of soap and water for handwashing, as well as disposing used pads safely and conveniently in the environment. The issue of menstrual hygiene among adolescent female students is one that has plagued public health for a long time. This resesrch study aimed to assess the attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent females of a secondary school. The study is a cross-sectional design type with a simple random sampling of the probability sampling method used to obtain the sample size. A total population of 543 female secondary students, with a sample size of 230 was used in the study. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, a response rate of 77.4% (178) was gotten and it was analyzed using the descriptive statistics method. Analysis of the data revealed that female students of Demonstration Secondary School have good knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene, with a 62.8% overall percentage of positive response, good attitude with a positive mean of 3.3, and moderate practice with 71.3% majority score of 4-6 out of 10 identified correct options of practice from the questionnaire distributed. The challenges identified in managing menstruation in school by adolescent females of Demonstration secondary school includes insufficient disposal methods, inadequate availability of soap and water for handwashing, and unsanitary conditions in changing areas. The study recommended that federal and state government bodies develop policies that cater to the reproductive health of the girl child in schools and sanction schools which are found wanting in any aspect of the policy.

Abdulmalik, IBN YUSUF, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This research focused on the modelling and simulation of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification plant using DWSIM software to optimize energy use and improve efficiency. The problem addressed was the energy-intensive nature of LNG regasification and the need for optimizing its processes. The methodology involved developing a process flow diagram using methane as the LNG component and integrating an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power generation. The system was simulated under varying pressures to analyze its energy consumption. Findings revealed that increasing pressure significantly raises energy demands, with energy consumption for regasification rising from 35,440.2 kW at 60 bar to 98,807.08 kW at 90 bar. The integration of the Organic Rankine Cycle enabled 67,555.3 kW of power generation from waste heat, showcasing the potential for energy recovery. The study concluded that coupling LNG regasification with power generation enhances energy efficiency, and it recommended further optimization of operating pressures, exploration of cold energy recovery technologies, and the minimization of environmental impacts. This research contributes to improving the operational efficiency of LNG regasification plants

Lawal, SANI LIKKO, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This research conducted a comparative analysis of energy generation and cost efficiency using three different fuels—rice husk, LPG, and coal—to assess their suitability for heat generation in cement kiln operations. Two sets of simulations were performed using DWSim software. The first simulation maintained a constant flow rate of 10 kg/h for each fuel. The results revealed that rice husk generated 784.24 kW, LPG produced 2931.26 kW, and coal generated 1275.38 kW of energy. In the second simulation, the mass flow rates were adjusted based on an equivalent energy cost basis of ₦20,000 for each fuel type. The mass flow rates were 1000 kg/h for rice husk, 240.96 kg/h for coal, and 16.67 kg/h for LPG. This yielded heat generation of 1638.53 kW for rice husk, 23,767.6 kW for coal, and 2912.18 kW for LPG. These results indicate that coal provides the highest energy output, followed by LPG and rice husk when considering both simulations. While LPG outperformed rice husk in terms of energy efficiency, rice husk remains a viable and sustainable alternative, especially in Northern Nigeria, where it is readily available. This study highlights the trade-offs between energy efficiency, cost, and environmental sustainability when selecting alternative fuels for cement production.

Zainab Esther, BABALOLA, Accounting - Bamidele Olumilua University Of Education, Science And Technology, 2024

This study was intended to evaluate the extent to which forensic accounting can be used as a tool in fraud detection. This study was guided by the following objectives; to identify the role of a forensic accountant in an organization, to know if forensic accounting significantly reduces the occurrence of fraud in an organization, to know if there is a significant difference between professional forensic accountants and traditional external auditor. The study employed the descriptive and explanatory design; questionnaires in addition to library research were applied in order to collect data. Primary and secondary data sources were used and data was analyzed using the chi- square statistical tool at 5% level of significance which was presented in frequency tables and percentage. The respondents under the study were 150 employees of ministry of finance Ado local government council. The study majorly focuses on staff knowledge and information concerning forensic accounting. The study findings revealed that forensic accounting plays a significant role in any organization; the use of forensic accounting significantly reduces the occurrence of fraud cases in the public sector; there is a significant difference between professional forensic accountants and traditional external auditor. Based on the findings from the study, more forensic accountants should be drafted into the public sector in other to reduce fraud in the public sector.

Habib Bashir LAWAL, Electrical Engineering - Kano University of Science & Technology, Wudil, 2025

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a transformative technology enabling energy delivery without physical connections. This review explores key WPT methods, including inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, microwave power transfer, and laser-based power transfer, highlighting their principles, efficiency, and applications. WPT is widely used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, medical devices and industrial systems, offering a promising alternative to wired charging. However, challenges such as efficiency limitations, safety concerns, and distance constraints remain barriers to widespread adoption. Recent advancements, including improved efficiency, miniaturization, and integration with communication systems, are discussed, alongside emerging trends like long-distance WPT and renewable energy integration. The paper identifies critical areas for future research, such as safety protocols and economic feasibility, while emphasizing WPT’s potential for sustainable energy solutions. This review provides a concise overview of current technologies, applications, challenges, and future directions, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers in the field. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of WPT technologies, their underlying principles, and their applications across various sectors. By examining recent advancements and emerging trends, this study seeks to identify future research directions and highlight the transformative potential of WPT for sustainable energy solutions.

Zakiyya Garba, YARO, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

This study was carried out, in order to investigate the effect of NaOH concentration, for the pretreatment of rice husk for bioethanol production, using Penicillium. Rice husk, an abundant agricultural byproduct, presents significant potential as a renewable feedstock for bioethanol, a sustainable energy source. The pretreatment was conducted with NaOH concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%w/v, and the fermentation process was carried out through enzymatic hydrolysis via the Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) method. Results indicated that the 5% NaOH treatment yielded the highest bioethanol volume, while the 10% and 20% treatments produced the highest ethanol concentrations. FTIR analysis revealed that bioethanol from the 10% and 25% NaOH treatments closely matched pure ethanol, while the 0% NaOH sample showed the greatest deviation due to impurities. Variations in specific gravity, pH, and boiling point were also influenced by the NaOH concentration. These led to the conclusion that this research work demonstrates the potential for using rice husk, an agricultural waste product, for sustainable bioethanol production, contributing to renewable energy initiatives, NaOH pretreatment is suitable and effective for rice husk and it does have an effect on general production, and it significantly impacts the efficiency of bioethanol production, with moderate concentrations (5-10%) generally providing better balance between quantity and quality. It is recommended that moderate NaOH concentrations be used for efficient bioethanol production, and pretreatment and fermentation processes that minimize waste and environmental impact should be developed, especially considering the potential chemical residue from NaOH.

Kabir Nuruddeen, BULKACHUWA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Antibiotics are substances that are derived from various species of microorganisms and are capable of inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms when administered in small concentrations. Their use, whether appropriate or inappropriate, is considered a major factor driving the emergence, growth, and spread of antibiotic resistance. Ideally, antibiotics should be prescribed only after thorough evaluation confirms the susceptibility of the targeted microorganism(s) to the specific antimicrobial agent. It has been reported that 20–50 % of Nigerians use antibiotics inappropriately. Most research and evidence on antibiotic stewardship programs in hospitals originates from high- income countries, with the majority of published studies reflecting developed healthcare systems The aim of this research is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practice and factors associated with rational use of antibiotics among undergraduate students of ABU, Zaria.

Abdullahi Shehu, USMAN , Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Seizure disorders are a significant public health concern among children, affecting their quality of life, cognitive development, and social interactions. Understanding the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical status, and pattern of seizure disorders is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical status and pattern of seizure disorders among children attending the Paediatrics clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Enoch DAUDA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Road safety practice is a very important practice that needs to be complied with by all road users, more especially among commercial motorcyclists, who are the victims of a quarter of fatalities from road traffic accidents globally. In Nigeria, more than two thirds of all road traffic crashes involve commercial motorcyclists. Therefore, adequate and comprehensive knowledge on the road safety practices will shape and influence attitude of CMCs towards these practices and which will promote the road safety practices. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude and road safety practices among commercial motorcyclists in Tudun Wada, Zaria LGA, Kaduna State.

Muhammad Ibrahim Musa and Zakiyya Garba Yaro, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

The glucose level of tapioca starch and pure starch and the effect of enzyme variation on the glucose yield were determined using enzyme hydrolysis method. Parameters measured include the pH and glucose concentration. A total of six (6) samples were used; three (3) each from the tapioca starch and pure starch. The enzyme concentrations were 20ml, 30ml and 40ml for the two feedstocks at a constant value. When the enzyme concentration was 20ml, 30ml and 40ml the glucose yield for the tapioca starch 10.78mg/ml, 6.5.18mg/ml and 4.47mg/ml respectively; whereas the concentration of glucose for pure starch at the same enzyme concentration of 20ml, 30ml and 40ml was 4.48mg/ml, 4.47mg/ml and 3.69mg/ml respectively. The pH slightly increased with increase in enzyme concentration. Tapioca starch yielded a substantial amount of glucose with adequate amount of enzyme, although slightly lower than that of the pure starch. Hence, tapioca starch can be used to make glucose syrup that could be used as food additives and pharmaceutical industries.

Ibrahim Suleman, BAKO, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Every year, 130 million babies are born worldwide, and 4 million of them pass away in the first four weeks of life. The global neonatal mortality rate is 18, in Africa it is 26.7 and in Nigeria, it is 34 per 1000 live births as of January 2025. Because of the high prevalence of unsanitary cord care procedures, most neonatal deaths 99% occur in low income and middle-income countries. There are relatively fewer studies regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers towards newborn care in Nigeria. The aim of this research is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of umbilical cord care for babies among nursing mothers in Magume community Zaria, Kaduna state.

Bakare Sumayyah Ifedolapo, Primary Education Studies - University of Ilorin, 2025

The study examined teachers’ perception of the influence of school funding program on primary school enrollment in Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study, where one research question and three hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The population of the study was based on 100 teachers selected across the LGA. A researcher self-constructed questionnaire titled Perceived Influence of School Funding on School Enrolment Questionnaire (PISFSEQ) was adopted and used to get information from the respondents. The instrument was validated by the experts from the Department of Adult and Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, and the reliability test was carried out with the use of Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Estimate, which yielded an index value of 0.80. Frequency distribution and percentages, mean and standard deviation were used for the demographic data and to answer the research question raised, while t-test and ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses formulated. The findings revealed Teachers have a positive perception of the influence of school funding program on primary school enrollment. Also, there was is no significant difference in the perception of teachers of the influence of school funding program on primary school enrollment based on gender, school location, and years of service. It was recommended that government should allocate funding fairly across schools in both urban and rural areas to maintain teachers’ positive perceptions and ensure consistent enrollment growth, and allocate funding in a way that addresses the unique challenges of rural and urban schools. Also, school management should encourage both male and female teachers to participate in school funding committees, and encourage teachers across all experience levels to contribute to planning and evaluating school funding programs to promote shared ownership and perception.

Hameedat Ahmad, MicroBiology - Kaduna State University, Kaduna, 2025

The consumption of tomatoes fruits is increasing on daily basis due to it appealing taste and nutritive value. However, tomatoes can serve as a vehicle for transmission of pathogens when contaminated. This study is therefore carried out to investigates the fungi species that causes tomato fruits rot. A total 10 spoilt tomatoes showing varying degree of rot will be obtained from Kawo Market in Kaduna metropolis. Each of the spoilt tomato sample was pulverized using a sterile electric blender. A stock solution of the sample was prepared by dissolving 1g of the pulverized sample into 9ml of distilled water. The stock solution of the samples was serially diluted into sixth quadrants before been inoculated on to Potato Dextrose agar using pour plates method. Each plate was incubated at 27 oC for 72 hours for fungi growth. The isolates obtained were examined using cultural and microscopy characteristics. The fungi isolated were, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus spp. The fungi colony counts ranges from 8.00 x 104 - 2.70 x 105 Cfu/g. These fungi can cause diseases that vary in severity from mild gastroenteritis to chronic or opportunistic infections. As a result, efforts should be made to discourage purchasing spoilt tomatoes from local markets.

Lawrence Ijimdiya Sylvanus, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2011

The patient-doctor relationship is central to the practice of medicine and the delivery of high quality medical. Without it doctors be effective and patients cannot be helped. This study was designed to assess patient-doctor relationship in medical care at Ahmadu Bello university teaching hospital (ABUTH), Shika, Zaria. This was descriptive cross sectional study involving 150 patients sampled from the clinical departments of medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, orthopaedics, obstaetrics and gynaecology. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire which sought information on their sociodemograhic characteristics, nature of patient-doctor relationship, compliance and satisfaction and litigation in medical care as well as possible ways of improving the patient-doctor relationship. There were 200 respondents. Most of the respondents were males (61.3%). The modal age group was (35.3%) with a mean age of 37 years. Most of the respondents were Hausa (28.7%) by tribe and Christians by religion (64%). Most were married (52.7%), majority were students (38.7%) and 63.3% had tertiary education. Most (96.7%) of the patients had a good patient-doctor relationship. Compliance and satisfaction rates in medical care were both 91.3%. Only 6% of patients have ever sued for medical malpractice. A positive relationship was found between patient-doctor relationship and satisfaction in medical care. No relationship was observed between patient-doctor relationship and compliance or litigation in medical care.

Kadala Mivanyi, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2011

Sickle cell anaemia is a chronic genetic disorder which remains the most important hereditary disease in tropical Africa and it is particularly important in Nigeria because Nigeria is known to have the largest number of sickle cell disease patients of any country in the world. This study intends to assess the quality of care provided to sickle cell anaemia patients by the Ahmadu Bello University teaching hospital Haematology clinic. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out using simple random sampling technique to select the 60 respondents that participated in the study. Questionnaires were administered on their clinic days and the data collected was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences software, version17. A total of 60 patients responded to the questionnaires giving a response rate of 100%. The areas assessed majorly in the questionnaires include counseling in the various aspects of the disease and therapy especially in the management of complications. Most respondents strongly agree that they have been counseled adequately about the nature of the disease and its mode of inheritance (68.3 and 58.3% respectively) while 61.7% of patients believe strongly that they have been adequately counseled on the avoidance of crises and self care. Only 10% of patients strongly believe that they do not receive adequate emotional/psychological support at the clinic. The majority of respondents 55% believe strongly that the emotional support is adequate. Pregnancy and related care was rated poorly by respondents with only 13% of those who responded strongly agreeing with the fact that care is adequate. Most of them (25.5%) were undecided. It was also observed that 33.3% and 31.8% respectively which form the majority of respondents strongly disagree that eye and orthopaedic care is adequate in the clinic. 43.3% of patients which form the majority strongly agree that social services are adequate to meet their needs outside the hospital setting especially as it relates to disability and socio-economic consequences. The advanced modalities of cure such as stem cell transplant and gene therapy are not available in this centre as is evident from 58.1% of patients strongly disagreeing that such modalities have been adequately presented to them in the clinic. ABUTH haematology clinic offers a reasonably high quality of care especially in the basic areas of counseling (about the disease, its mode of inheritance, self care and avoidance of crises), drug management of the condition and giving emotional and psychological support to patients. Areas which were poor include the management of pregnancy as well as ophthalmic and orthopaedic complications and the availability of services that offer cure for the disease such as gene therapy and stem cell transplant.

Jacob Dusu Sambo, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2011

Scabies is a highly contagious, intensely pruritic disorder, caused by the human itch mite, sarcoptes scabeii var huminis acquired by direct contact with an infected person or indirectly through contaminated clothing, bed liners, and handholding materials. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence and distribution of scabies and to propose an effective health education and advocacy programme to address the problems of scabies among school age children in a Koranic school at Samaru, Zaria. Using a cross sectional study design, data was collected from a sample of 134 children age 5-14years drawn from a population of pupils attending Mallam Barau Koranic school at Samaru, Zaria. Data was collected on factors which may be associated with scabies using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 and Microsoft Excel and presented in charts and tables, and measures of central tendency and of dispersion were used to summarize it. The prevalence of scabies was found to be 19% with more males (20.5%) affected than females (11.7%). Age group 5-9years have a relatively high prevalence of 22.2% compared to the age group 10-14years with 17.9%. The commonest body part affected by scabies rash was the inter-digital webs of hands and feet (40.4%) and the least affected was the head and neck region (6.4%). The high prevalence of scabies recorded in this study may be due to low socio-economical status, poor living conditions, and poor personal hygiene among others. This shows that scabies is still a common health problem among children in Koranic schools that needs due attention from policy makers and other stakeholders.