Discover Nigeria's Academic Research

Rashida SABO, Nursing Science - Aliko Dangote College of Nursing Sciences, 2024

The research work was carried out in yana community, shira L.G.A, Bauchi state. It was based on perceived impact of early marriage among teenage Girls in Yana community,shira L.G.A, Bauchi state. The aim of these study is to find out the Perceived impact of early marriage among teenage women in yana. Three (3) objectives were formulated with three corresponding research questions. The objectives were to find out the perceived factor contributing to early marriage among teenage Girls in Yana community; to identify the Perceived impacts of early marriage among teenage Girls in Yana community; to suggest the various strategies of preventing early marriage among teenage Girls in Yana community. A descriptive survey design was used. The result of the findings revealed that complications of pregnancy and childbirth such as increase rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity accounting for(3.2) and mortality and health conditions such as vesicovaginal fistula of rectovaginal fistula accounting for(3.1) are the main cause of death among adolescent girls in developing countries, low educational level and absence of law accounting for (2.8) and extreme poverty accounting for (3.3) may make daughters an economic burden on their family which may be relieved by their early marriage, child marriage threatens the health and lives of girls, prevention of early marriage are parent/guardians that account for (3.2) who are in close contact with the child to supervise her behavior and the company she keeps. In Conclusion Base on the findings in this research, it has been concluded that low educational level and absence of law is the main Perceived factor that contribute to early marriage among other factors with depression, anxiety, worries, increase rate of maternal morbidity and mortality.

Auwal Abdulmalik MUHAMMAD, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Digital eye strain is a public health problem. It is the number one occupational hazard of the 21st century. It causes considerable reduction in productivity in working environment. In today’s world, the use of smartphone is a necessity for majority of people, but not many of them consider the medical consequences of using smartphones.15 The aim of this work was to assess the knowledge, attitude and prevention practices on the use of mobile phone light among ABU students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May, 2023 using a multi-stage sampling method to select 153 students of ABU, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of an adapted, pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using SPSS and Microsoft excel statistical software. The results were presented in frequency tables. The Chi-square test was used to assess the associations between categorical variables. The level of significance was set at <5% Up to 61.4% of the respondents were within the age group 21 and 25 years. A total of 75.8% of the respondents had good knowledge of digital eye strain, with a mean score of 1.71. Another 66% of the respondents followed healthy practices regarding digital eye strain, with a mean score of 0.66. However, the attitude was negative among majority of the respondents, as only 34% of the respondents had positive attitude towards digital eye strain. The study indicates that despite the good level of knowledge and healthy practices regarding digital eye strain among ABU students, majority of them still have negative attitude towards digital eye strain. Educational strategies to raise awareness on digital eye strain were recommended.

Idris Muhammad YAHAYA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

HBV is one of the most prevalent and a serious Global public Health problem, affecting more than 2 billion people Worldwide with more than 350 million people approximately infected with chronic infection. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the three main blood-borne infections associated with occupational exposure in the health-care and laboratory setting and remain a significant burden to HCW. This study aimed to assess the Knowledge, attitude and practices of HBV PEP among Health Workers of ABUTH, Shika, Zaria.

Mistura Ayo-Ola MAHMUD , Agricultural Education - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This study investigates the perceptions of crop farmers in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, regarding the impact of digital technology on agricultural productivity and income. With the rapid advancement of digital tools in agriculture, including precision farming, mobile applications, and digital marketplaces, the potential for enhancing productivity and income has never been greater. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, digital literacy, and cost barriers continue to impede widespread adoption. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 148 crop farmers, assessing their awareness, adoption, and perceived impacts of digital technology on farming practices. The study reveals that while many farmers recognize the benefits of digital tools in optimizing resources and improving crop yields, adoption remains low due to high costs and limited access to necessary technologies. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve infrastructure, provide affordable digital tools, and enhance training programs. These measures could help to increase the adoption of digital technology and thereby improve the productivity and income of farmers in the region.

Mahdiya Oyiza, SALIHU, Nursing Science - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

Menstruation is the cyclical discharge of blood, secretions, and tissue debris from the uterus that recurs in nonpregnant breeding-age primate females. Menstrual hygiene and management, in females, is the act of using a clean absorbent material to collect menstrual blood, with adequate privacy to change at any time, use of soap and water for handwashing, as well as disposing used pads safely and conveniently in the environment. The issue of menstrual hygiene among adolescent female students is one that has plagued public health for a long time. This resesrch study aimed to assess the attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent females of a secondary school. The study is a cross-sectional design type with a simple random sampling of the probability sampling method used to obtain the sample size. A total population of 543 female secondary students, with a sample size of 230 was used in the study. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, a response rate of 77.4% (178) was gotten and it was analyzed using the descriptive statistics method. Analysis of the data revealed that female students of Demonstration Secondary School have good knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene, with a 62.8% overall percentage of positive response, good attitude with a positive mean of 3.3, and moderate practice with 71.3% majority score of 4-6 out of 10 identified correct options of practice from the questionnaire distributed. The challenges identified in managing menstruation in school by adolescent females of Demonstration secondary school includes insufficient disposal methods, inadequate availability of soap and water for handwashing, and unsanitary conditions in changing areas. The study recommended that federal and state government bodies develop policies that cater to the reproductive health of the girl child in schools and sanction schools which are found wanting in any aspect of the policy.

Abdulmalik, IBN YUSUF, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This research focused on the modelling and simulation of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification plant using DWSIM software to optimize energy use and improve efficiency. The problem addressed was the energy-intensive nature of LNG regasification and the need for optimizing its processes. The methodology involved developing a process flow diagram using methane as the LNG component and integrating an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power generation. The system was simulated under varying pressures to analyze its energy consumption. Findings revealed that increasing pressure significantly raises energy demands, with energy consumption for regasification rising from 35,440.2 kW at 60 bar to 98,807.08 kW at 90 bar. The integration of the Organic Rankine Cycle enabled 67,555.3 kW of power generation from waste heat, showcasing the potential for energy recovery. The study concluded that coupling LNG regasification with power generation enhances energy efficiency, and it recommended further optimization of operating pressures, exploration of cold energy recovery technologies, and the minimization of environmental impacts. This research contributes to improving the operational efficiency of LNG regasification plants

Lawal, SANI LIKKO, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This research conducted a comparative analysis of energy generation and cost efficiency using three different fuels—rice husk, LPG, and coal—to assess their suitability for heat generation in cement kiln operations. Two sets of simulations were performed using DWSim software. The first simulation maintained a constant flow rate of 10 kg/h for each fuel. The results revealed that rice husk generated 784.24 kW, LPG produced 2931.26 kW, and coal generated 1275.38 kW of energy. In the second simulation, the mass flow rates were adjusted based on an equivalent energy cost basis of ₦20,000 for each fuel type. The mass flow rates were 1000 kg/h for rice husk, 240.96 kg/h for coal, and 16.67 kg/h for LPG. This yielded heat generation of 1638.53 kW for rice husk, 23,767.6 kW for coal, and 2912.18 kW for LPG. These results indicate that coal provides the highest energy output, followed by LPG and rice husk when considering both simulations. While LPG outperformed rice husk in terms of energy efficiency, rice husk remains a viable and sustainable alternative, especially in Northern Nigeria, where it is readily available. This study highlights the trade-offs between energy efficiency, cost, and environmental sustainability when selecting alternative fuels for cement production.

Zainab Esther, BABALOLA, Accounting - Bamidele Olumilua University Of Education, Science And Technology, 2024

This study was intended to evaluate the extent to which forensic accounting can be used as a tool in fraud detection. This study was guided by the following objectives; to identify the role of a forensic accountant in an organization, to know if forensic accounting significantly reduces the occurrence of fraud in an organization, to know if there is a significant difference between professional forensic accountants and traditional external auditor. The study employed the descriptive and explanatory design; questionnaires in addition to library research were applied in order to collect data. Primary and secondary data sources were used and data was analyzed using the chi- square statistical tool at 5% level of significance which was presented in frequency tables and percentage. The respondents under the study were 150 employees of ministry of finance Ado local government council. The study majorly focuses on staff knowledge and information concerning forensic accounting. The study findings revealed that forensic accounting plays a significant role in any organization; the use of forensic accounting significantly reduces the occurrence of fraud cases in the public sector; there is a significant difference between professional forensic accountants and traditional external auditor. Based on the findings from the study, more forensic accountants should be drafted into the public sector in other to reduce fraud in the public sector.

Habib Bashir LAWAL, Electrical Engineering - Kano University of Science & Technology, Wudil, 2025

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a transformative technology enabling energy delivery without physical connections. This review explores key WPT methods, including inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, microwave power transfer, and laser-based power transfer, highlighting their principles, efficiency, and applications. WPT is widely used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, medical devices and industrial systems, offering a promising alternative to wired charging. However, challenges such as efficiency limitations, safety concerns, and distance constraints remain barriers to widespread adoption. Recent advancements, including improved efficiency, miniaturization, and integration with communication systems, are discussed, alongside emerging trends like long-distance WPT and renewable energy integration. The paper identifies critical areas for future research, such as safety protocols and economic feasibility, while emphasizing WPT’s potential for sustainable energy solutions. This review provides a concise overview of current technologies, applications, challenges, and future directions, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers in the field. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of WPT technologies, their underlying principles, and their applications across various sectors. By examining recent advancements and emerging trends, this study seeks to identify future research directions and highlight the transformative potential of WPT for sustainable energy solutions.

Zakiyya Garba, YARO, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

This study was carried out, in order to investigate the effect of NaOH concentration, for the pretreatment of rice husk for bioethanol production, using Penicillium. Rice husk, an abundant agricultural byproduct, presents significant potential as a renewable feedstock for bioethanol, a sustainable energy source. The pretreatment was conducted with NaOH concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%w/v, and the fermentation process was carried out through enzymatic hydrolysis via the Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) method. Results indicated that the 5% NaOH treatment yielded the highest bioethanol volume, while the 10% and 20% treatments produced the highest ethanol concentrations. FTIR analysis revealed that bioethanol from the 10% and 25% NaOH treatments closely matched pure ethanol, while the 0% NaOH sample showed the greatest deviation due to impurities. Variations in specific gravity, pH, and boiling point were also influenced by the NaOH concentration. These led to the conclusion that this research work demonstrates the potential for using rice husk, an agricultural waste product, for sustainable bioethanol production, contributing to renewable energy initiatives, NaOH pretreatment is suitable and effective for rice husk and it does have an effect on general production, and it significantly impacts the efficiency of bioethanol production, with moderate concentrations (5-10%) generally providing better balance between quantity and quality. It is recommended that moderate NaOH concentrations be used for efficient bioethanol production, and pretreatment and fermentation processes that minimize waste and environmental impact should be developed, especially considering the potential chemical residue from NaOH.

Kabir Nuruddeen, BULKACHUWA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Antibiotics are substances that are derived from various species of microorganisms and are capable of inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms when administered in small concentrations. Their use, whether appropriate or inappropriate, is considered a major factor driving the emergence, growth, and spread of antibiotic resistance. Ideally, antibiotics should be prescribed only after thorough evaluation confirms the susceptibility of the targeted microorganism(s) to the specific antimicrobial agent. It has been reported that 20–50 % of Nigerians use antibiotics inappropriately. Most research and evidence on antibiotic stewardship programs in hospitals originates from high- income countries, with the majority of published studies reflecting developed healthcare systems The aim of this research is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practice and factors associated with rational use of antibiotics among undergraduate students of ABU, Zaria.

Abdullahi Shehu, USMAN , Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Seizure disorders are a significant public health concern among children, affecting their quality of life, cognitive development, and social interactions. Understanding the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical status, and pattern of seizure disorders is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical status and pattern of seizure disorders among children attending the Paediatrics clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Enoch DAUDA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Road safety practice is a very important practice that needs to be complied with by all road users, more especially among commercial motorcyclists, who are the victims of a quarter of fatalities from road traffic accidents globally. In Nigeria, more than two thirds of all road traffic crashes involve commercial motorcyclists. Therefore, adequate and comprehensive knowledge on the road safety practices will shape and influence attitude of CMCs towards these practices and which will promote the road safety practices. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude and road safety practices among commercial motorcyclists in Tudun Wada, Zaria LGA, Kaduna State.

Muhammad Ibrahim Musa and Zakiyya Garba Yaro, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

The glucose level of tapioca starch and pure starch and the effect of enzyme variation on the glucose yield were determined using enzyme hydrolysis method. Parameters measured include the pH and glucose concentration. A total of six (6) samples were used; three (3) each from the tapioca starch and pure starch. The enzyme concentrations were 20ml, 30ml and 40ml for the two feedstocks at a constant value. When the enzyme concentration was 20ml, 30ml and 40ml the glucose yield for the tapioca starch 10.78mg/ml, 6.5.18mg/ml and 4.47mg/ml respectively; whereas the concentration of glucose for pure starch at the same enzyme concentration of 20ml, 30ml and 40ml was 4.48mg/ml, 4.47mg/ml and 3.69mg/ml respectively. The pH slightly increased with increase in enzyme concentration. Tapioca starch yielded a substantial amount of glucose with adequate amount of enzyme, although slightly lower than that of the pure starch. Hence, tapioca starch can be used to make glucose syrup that could be used as food additives and pharmaceutical industries.

Ibrahim Suleman, BAKO, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Every year, 130 million babies are born worldwide, and 4 million of them pass away in the first four weeks of life. The global neonatal mortality rate is 18, in Africa it is 26.7 and in Nigeria, it is 34 per 1000 live births as of January 2025. Because of the high prevalence of unsanitary cord care procedures, most neonatal deaths 99% occur in low income and middle-income countries. There are relatively fewer studies regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers towards newborn care in Nigeria. The aim of this research is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of umbilical cord care for babies among nursing mothers in Magume community Zaria, Kaduna state.

Jega Abdulmajeed Ibrahim, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is a common health issue among university students, influenced by risk factors like Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, and lifestyle habits. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and prevalence of PUD risk factors among students at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, to address gaps in awareness and inform health interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2025 with 240 ABU undergraduate students, selected via multistage sampling across 16 faculties. Data was collected using a semi-structured electronic questionnaire on sociodemographics, knowledge, perception, and prevalence of PUD risk factors. Knowledge was scored as good (≥50%) or poor (<50%), perception was assessed via a Likert scale, and prevalence was based on self-reported behaviours. Data was analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Of the 240 respondents (mean age 22.86 years, 57.5% male), 57.1% had good knowledge of PUD risk factors, though misconceptions (e.g., spicy foods as a cause) persisted. Perception was accurate in 60%, with 40% showing misconceptions. Prevalence of risk factors was low (95%), with occasional NSAID use (54.6%) and meal skipping (62.5%) most common; only 10% tested positive for H. pylori. No significant link was found between knowledge and prevalence (p = 0.163). While many ABU students have reasonable knowledge and perception of PUD risk factors, gaps and misconceptions remain, and prevalence of modifiable risk factors is low. Health education and screening programs are recommended to improve awareness and reduce PUD risk.

Yisa Abdulhammed Yinka, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

First aid is an essential skill for secondary school teachers, who are often the first to respond to emergencies involving students. However, studies in Nigeria and other parts of the world have shown gaps in teachers’ knowledge, perception, and practice of first aid. In Nigeria, limited school health services have made it even more important for teachers to be well-prepared. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of first aid among secondary school teachers in Sabon Gari Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 379 secondary school teachers from both public and private schools in Sabon Gari LGA. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data were collected in March 2025 using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25, and results were presented in tables. Associations between selected variables and level of practice were tested using a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH). The mean age of the respondents was 34.31 ± 7.929 years, with most (49.6%) aged between 26 and 35 years. Good knowledge of first aid was recorded in 68.3% of respondents, and 95.3% had a positive perception toward its importance. However, only 59.3% had good practice, and 22.2% had never administered first aid. Practice was significantly associated with age (p = 0.009), educational qualification (p = 0.001), and type of school (p = 0.002), but not with perception (p = 0.340). Although most teachers had good knowledge and a positive perception of first aid, the level of practice was sub-optimal. Some teachers had never administered first aid, showing that more needs to be done to prepare them for emergencies. It is recommended that the Kaduna State Ministry of Education provide regular training and supply first aid materials to schools to improve emergency response.

Maikano Abigail Stanley, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Cervical cancer remains a major public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where screening uptake is low. Early detection through regular screening is key to reducing cervical cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Female undergraduates, being in the sexually active age group, are at risk and their awareness is vital in the prevention of the disease. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and uptake of cervical cancer screening among female undergraduate students of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed involving 312 female undergraduate students of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, selected through multistage sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The results were presented using tables and charts. The mean age of respondents was 23.23±2.43. Only 64.4% have heard of cervical cancer screening and 12.8% had good knowledge. Most of the respondents (98.4%) had a positive perception of cervical cancer screening. Only 7.4% had ever been screened for cervical cancer screening. There was a statistically significant relationship between marital status and the uptake of cervical cancer screening. There is a significant gap between positive perception and actual uptake of cervical cancer screening among female undergraduates at Ahmadu Bello University. While most respondents acknowledge the importance of screening, poor knowledge and several barriers, such as lack of awareness of screening centres and absence of symptoms, hinder utilization. There is a need for targeted health education and awareness programs to bridge knowledge gaps, correct misconceptions, and promote positive attitudes toward screening.

Shehu Maryam Ingawa, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Induced abortion is termination of pregnancy before the age of viability. Unsafe induced abortion contributes significantly to maternal mortality and morbidity especially in developing countries. Induced abortion occurs in Nigeria despite law restricting abortion. Despite several efforts to improve on abortion services, legal constraints, religious and sociocultural factors prevent the access to induced abortion. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and perception of induced abortion among women attending antenatal and reproductive health clinics in ABUTH, Zaria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. Systematic random sampling was used to select 140 women of reproductive age. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS v27 with statistical significance set at p< 0.05. The mean age ± SD was 28.88 ± 5.31 years. About 53.6% of respondents had good knowledge of induced abortion, 96.4% showed positive attitude, and 97.1% had a positive perception. The major sources of information were friends (47.9%) and family (45%). Statistically significant associations were found between knowledge and source of income (p=0.002). Age had a significant association with attitude (p=0.013). Despite the majority having positive attitudes and perceptions towards induced abortion, knowledge levels remain moderate, indicating the need for improved educational interventions and awareness campaigns.

Musa Abdulrasheed Olamilekan, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

Anhedonia refers to the inability to experience enjoyment or pleasure from usually gratifying activities. It is regarded as a central symptom of depression and serves as a common basis for diagnosing this disorder. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) affects over 300 million people globally. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum verum on anxiety, anhedonia and oxidative stress biomarkers in Swiss albino mice. Thirty (30) animals were divided into 6 groups (n=5). The animals (except Group I (normal control)) were subjected to Open Space Forced Swim Test (OSFST) intermittently for two (2) weeks with daily administration of required drugs. Other groupings are; group II (Negative control), group III (OSFST + Cinnamon 100 mg/kg), group IV (OSFST + Cinnamon 200 mg/kg), group V (OSFST + Cinnamon 400mg/kg), group VI (OSFST + Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg). On day 14, administration stopped and mice were then subjected to Sucrose Preference Test (SPT) and also Open Field Test (OFT). At the end of neurobehavioral tests, the animals were sacrificed and various biological samples were extracted for laboratory analysis. The result obtained showed statistical significance (p<0.05) in main effect of time and treatment and also in the interaction between time and treatment on immobility time in mice subjected to OSFST model. In conclusion, aqueous bark extract of cinnamon demonstrates an antidepressant-like effect on depressed mice exposed to OSFST and SPT but did not significantly affect anxiety behaviors and locomotor activity of the mice subjected to OFT.