Auwal Abdulmalik MUHAMMAD, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

Digital eye strain is a public health problem. It is the number one occupational hazard of the 21st century. It causes considerable reduction in productivity in working environment. In today’s world, the use of smartphone is a necessity for majority of people, but not many of them consider the medical consequences of using smartphones.15 The aim of this work was to assess the knowledge, attitude and prevention practices on the use of mobile phone light among ABU students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May, 2023 using a multi-stage sampling method to select 153 students of ABU, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of an adapted, pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using SPSS and Microsoft excel statistical software. The results were presented in frequency tables. The Chi-square test was used to assess the associations between categorical variables. The level of significance was set at <5% Up to 61.4% of the respondents were within the age group 21 and 25 years. A total of 75.8% of the respondents had good knowledge of digital eye strain, with a mean score of 1.71. Another 66% of the respondents followed healthy practices regarding digital eye strain, with a mean score of 0.66. However, the attitude was negative among majority of the respondents, as only 34% of the respondents had positive attitude towards digital eye strain. The study indicates that despite the good level of knowledge and healthy practices regarding digital eye strain among ABU students, majority of them still have negative attitude towards digital eye strain. Educational strategies to raise awareness on digital eye strain were recommended.

Idris Muhammad YAHAYA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2023

HBV is one of the most prevalent and a serious Global public Health problem, affecting more than 2 billion people Worldwide with more than 350 million people approximately infected with chronic infection. Hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the three main blood-borne infections associated with occupational exposure in the health-care and laboratory setting and remain a significant burden to HCW. This study aimed to assess the Knowledge, attitude and practices of HBV PEP among Health Workers of ABUTH, Shika, Zaria.

Mistura Ayo-Ola MAHMUD , Agricultural Education - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This study investigates the perceptions of crop farmers in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, regarding the impact of digital technology on agricultural productivity and income. With the rapid advancement of digital tools in agriculture, including precision farming, mobile applications, and digital marketplaces, the potential for enhancing productivity and income has never been greater. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, digital literacy, and cost barriers continue to impede widespread adoption. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 148 crop farmers, assessing their awareness, adoption, and perceived impacts of digital technology on farming practices. The study reveals that while many farmers recognize the benefits of digital tools in optimizing resources and improving crop yields, adoption remains low due to high costs and limited access to necessary technologies. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve infrastructure, provide affordable digital tools, and enhance training programs. These measures could help to increase the adoption of digital technology and thereby improve the productivity and income of farmers in the region.

Mahdiya Oyiza, SALIHU, Nursing Science - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

Menstruation is the cyclical discharge of blood, secretions, and tissue debris from the uterus that recurs in nonpregnant breeding-age primate females. Menstrual hygiene and management, in females, is the act of using a clean absorbent material to collect menstrual blood, with adequate privacy to change at any time, use of soap and water for handwashing, as well as disposing used pads safely and conveniently in the environment. The issue of menstrual hygiene among adolescent female students is one that has plagued public health for a long time. This resesrch study aimed to assess the attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent females of a secondary school. The study is a cross-sectional design type with a simple random sampling of the probability sampling method used to obtain the sample size. A total population of 543 female secondary students, with a sample size of 230 was used in the study. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, a response rate of 77.4% (178) was gotten and it was analyzed using the descriptive statistics method. Analysis of the data revealed that female students of Demonstration Secondary School have good knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene, with a 62.8% overall percentage of positive response, good attitude with a positive mean of 3.3, and moderate practice with 71.3% majority score of 4-6 out of 10 identified correct options of practice from the questionnaire distributed. The challenges identified in managing menstruation in school by adolescent females of Demonstration secondary school includes insufficient disposal methods, inadequate availability of soap and water for handwashing, and unsanitary conditions in changing areas. The study recommended that federal and state government bodies develop policies that cater to the reproductive health of the girl child in schools and sanction schools which are found wanting in any aspect of the policy.

Abdulmalik, IBN YUSUF, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This research focused on the modelling and simulation of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification plant using DWSIM software to optimize energy use and improve efficiency. The problem addressed was the energy-intensive nature of LNG regasification and the need for optimizing its processes. The methodology involved developing a process flow diagram using methane as the LNG component and integrating an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power generation. The system was simulated under varying pressures to analyze its energy consumption. Findings revealed that increasing pressure significantly raises energy demands, with energy consumption for regasification rising from 35,440.2 kW at 60 bar to 98,807.08 kW at 90 bar. The integration of the Organic Rankine Cycle enabled 67,555.3 kW of power generation from waste heat, showcasing the potential for energy recovery. The study concluded that coupling LNG regasification with power generation enhances energy efficiency, and it recommended further optimization of operating pressures, exploration of cold energy recovery technologies, and the minimization of environmental impacts. This research contributes to improving the operational efficiency of LNG regasification plants

Lawal, SANI LIKKO, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

This research conducted a comparative analysis of energy generation and cost efficiency using three different fuels—rice husk, LPG, and coal—to assess their suitability for heat generation in cement kiln operations. Two sets of simulations were performed using DWSim software. The first simulation maintained a constant flow rate of 10 kg/h for each fuel. The results revealed that rice husk generated 784.24 kW, LPG produced 2931.26 kW, and coal generated 1275.38 kW of energy. In the second simulation, the mass flow rates were adjusted based on an equivalent energy cost basis of ₦20,000 for each fuel type. The mass flow rates were 1000 kg/h for rice husk, 240.96 kg/h for coal, and 16.67 kg/h for LPG. This yielded heat generation of 1638.53 kW for rice husk, 23,767.6 kW for coal, and 2912.18 kW for LPG. These results indicate that coal provides the highest energy output, followed by LPG and rice husk when considering both simulations. While LPG outperformed rice husk in terms of energy efficiency, rice husk remains a viable and sustainable alternative, especially in Northern Nigeria, where it is readily available. This study highlights the trade-offs between energy efficiency, cost, and environmental sustainability when selecting alternative fuels for cement production.

Zakiyya Garba, YARO, Chemical Engineering - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

This study was carried out, in order to investigate the effect of NaOH concentration, for the pretreatment of rice husk for bioethanol production, using Penicillium. Rice husk, an abundant agricultural byproduct, presents significant potential as a renewable feedstock for bioethanol, a sustainable energy source. The pretreatment was conducted with NaOH concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%w/v, and the fermentation process was carried out through enzymatic hydrolysis via the Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) method. Results indicated that the 5% NaOH treatment yielded the highest bioethanol volume, while the 10% and 20% treatments produced the highest ethanol concentrations. FTIR analysis revealed that bioethanol from the 10% and 25% NaOH treatments closely matched pure ethanol, while the 0% NaOH sample showed the greatest deviation due to impurities. Variations in specific gravity, pH, and boiling point were also influenced by the NaOH concentration. These led to the conclusion that this research work demonstrates the potential for using rice husk, an agricultural waste product, for sustainable bioethanol production, contributing to renewable energy initiatives, NaOH pretreatment is suitable and effective for rice husk and it does have an effect on general production, and it significantly impacts the efficiency of bioethanol production, with moderate concentrations (5-10%) generally providing better balance between quantity and quality. It is recommended that moderate NaOH concentrations be used for efficient bioethanol production, and pretreatment and fermentation processes that minimize waste and environmental impact should be developed, especially considering the potential chemical residue from NaOH.

Kabir Nuruddeen, BULKACHUWA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Antibiotics are substances that are derived from various species of microorganisms and are capable of inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms when administered in small concentrations. Their use, whether appropriate or inappropriate, is considered a major factor driving the emergence, growth, and spread of antibiotic resistance. Ideally, antibiotics should be prescribed only after thorough evaluation confirms the susceptibility of the targeted microorganism(s) to the specific antimicrobial agent. It has been reported that 20–50 % of Nigerians use antibiotics inappropriately. Most research and evidence on antibiotic stewardship programs in hospitals originates from high- income countries, with the majority of published studies reflecting developed healthcare systems The aim of this research is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practice and factors associated with rational use of antibiotics among undergraduate students of ABU, Zaria.

Abdullahi Shehu, USMAN , Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Seizure disorders are a significant public health concern among children, affecting their quality of life, cognitive development, and social interactions. Understanding the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical status, and pattern of seizure disorders is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical status and pattern of seizure disorders among children attending the Paediatrics clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Enoch DAUDA, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Road safety practice is a very important practice that needs to be complied with by all road users, more especially among commercial motorcyclists, who are the victims of a quarter of fatalities from road traffic accidents globally. In Nigeria, more than two thirds of all road traffic crashes involve commercial motorcyclists. Therefore, adequate and comprehensive knowledge on the road safety practices will shape and influence attitude of CMCs towards these practices and which will promote the road safety practices. This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude and road safety practices among commercial motorcyclists in Tudun Wada, Zaria LGA, Kaduna State.

Ibrahim Suleman, BAKO, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Every year, 130 million babies are born worldwide, and 4 million of them pass away in the first four weeks of life. The global neonatal mortality rate is 18, in Africa it is 26.7 and in Nigeria, it is 34 per 1000 live births as of January 2025. Because of the high prevalence of unsanitary cord care procedures, most neonatal deaths 99% occur in low income and middle-income countries. There are relatively fewer studies regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers towards newborn care in Nigeria. The aim of this research is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of umbilical cord care for babies among nursing mothers in Magume community Zaria, Kaduna state.

Aisha Abubakar Usman, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) is a vital tool for optimal diabetes control, enabling patients to track their blood sugar levels at home, make well informed decisions about their treatment as well as follow directions of their physicians on diet modification and improve adherence to medications. Despite its proven benefits, the knowledge, perception, and utilization of SMBG among diabetic patients remain suboptimal, particularly in low-resource settings like Nigeria. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the level of knowledge, perception, and utilization of SMBG among diabetic patients attending the Endocrinology Clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria.

Jeremiah OJOGBA-JACOBS, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Neonatal healthcare quality and caregiver satisfaction are critical for improving outcomes in Special Care Baby Units (SCBUs), particularly in low-resource settings. Nigeria faces high neonatal mortality rates, with suboptimal healthcare systems contributing to preventable deaths. Caregiver satisfaction influences compliance, communication, and overall neonatal care quality, yet limited research exists in this area, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed caregivers' perspectives on the quality of care and their satisfaction with services provided to neonates admitted at the SCBU of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Shika-Zaria.