Qualitative And Quantitative Identification Of The Phytochemicals Constituents Of Sida Acuta (Burm F.) And Sida Cordifolia (L.) Aqueous Leaf Extract

Abstract:

Medicinal plants have always played a key role in the world health, since they are the sources of many important scientific drugs of modern world. It is not a surprise that the earliest drugs in the history of medicine were all derived from plants. Medicinal herbs have been used for healing as an alternative to medicine by all cultures for several thousands of years. About 80% of the world’s population does not have access to conventional drugs and therefore rely on medicinal herbs. Western medicine is well known and in use, but at the same time it has created problems due to some side effects such as carcinogenicity caused by the synthetic drugs in Western Medicine. This has enhanced the interest in search for natural products with medicinal property e.g. naturally occurring anti-oxidants and anti-biotic for use in foods and medicine. Therefore ethno-medicine, using medicinal herbs has been considered an alternative, in order to eradicate side-effects associated with synthetic drugs. The study “Phytochemical screening and quantitative analysis of Sida cordifolia and Sida acuta” aimed to determine and quantify phytoconstituent present in aqueous leaves extract of Sida cordifolia and Sida acuta. The test are as follows; test for carbohydrate, test for flavonoid, test for tannins, test for alkaloid, test for saponin, test for steroid, test for terpenoid and test for cardiac glycosides. Quantitative analysis however, was done by spectrophotometric method using standard procedure, the crude extract (aqueous) leaves of the Sida species was quantified spectrophotometrically as follows: determination of total phenolic content, determination of total flavonoid content, determination of total alkaloid content, determination of total tannin content, determination of total saponin content, determination of total C/glycoside, determination of total steroid content, determination of total terpernoid content, determination of total anthraquinone. The Qualitative Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extracts of the plants parts (leaves) of the two Sida species showed the presence of medicinally active constituents such as carbohydrate, tannins, saponin, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, phenol, C/glucosides, alkaloid with the exception of anthraqunione. For quantitative phytochemical screening showed the quantity of phytochemicals associated with the solution extract. However, it was found out that aqueous leaves extract has highest values in tannins (112.22), saponins (141.78), flavonoid (166.54), and alkaloids (105.43) were found in Sida cordifolia compared to Sida acuta. But, phenols (198.82) is highest in Sida acuta compared to Sida cordifolia. Sida cordifolia and Sida acuta is a medicinal plant due to possession of such compound in its leaves the result of this study has provided a scientific evidence to support the vital role of Sida cordifolia and Sida acuta leaves as medicinal plant with great emphasis on traditional medicine.