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Bello Mariam, Human Physiology - Ahmadu Bello University, 2024

The study aimed to evaluate serum antioxidant levels, specifically catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), among undergraduate medical students experiencing high levels of stress, anxiety and depression at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. A total of 188 participants were recruited, with 84 males, and 104 females, aged between 18 and 40 years. Prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression showed 6.9%, 33% and 6.9% for the percentage of students with high levels of stress, anxiety and depression respectively; then, 60.6%, 31.9%, 52.7% for normal stress, anxiety and depression respectively. Using independent sample t-tests, the antioxidant levels between normal (students having normal levels of stress, anxiety and depression) and diseased (students having high levels of stress, anxiety and depression) groups were compared. The results showed that while CAT levels did not differ significantly between the groups (p= 0.2706), SOD levels were significantly lower in the diseased group compared to the control group (p= 0.0074). Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between CAT and SOD levels in both groups but a significant and strong negative correlation between stress and CAT levels of the diseased participants. The findings align with previous studies indicating that oxidative stress, as reflected by reduced SOD levels, is associated with psychological stress. These results suggest that oxidative stress plays a critical role in the mental health of students, especially those with elevated stress, anxiety and depression.

Belau Mariam Abolanle, Industrial Relations and Personnel Management - Olabisi Onabanjo University, 2025

The study of employee performance and performance management system is not new in empirical research. However, there is need to examine the link between performance management tools, innovative tools and employee performance in public schools. This study therefore used a case study research design to examine this link by extracting information from 22 teachers and 2 non-teaching staff of Itamerin Comprehensive High School, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State. Tables and simple percentage and ordinal logistic regression are used as method of data analysis. The study finds that performance management system tools that positively significantly impact employee performance are teacher appraisal and evaluation (coefficient = 0.8424, probability = 0.000); goal setting and planning (coefficient = 3.2607, probability = 0.041); feedback mechanism (coefficient = 14.7357, probability = 0.035); monitoring and documentation (coefficient = 0.2898, probability = 0.026) and reward and recognition system (coefficient = 0.1.1166, probability = 0.003). The study further finds that artificial intelligence and adaptive learning (coefficient = 1.2540, probability = 0.005) and digital assessment tools (coefficient = 2.3561, probability = 0.027) positively significantly mediate between performance management system and employee performance. The study concluded that factors that lead to employee performance are teacher appraisal and evaluation, goal setting and planning, feedback mechanism, monitoring and documentation, reward and recognition system. The study recommends that teachers should be encouraged to use artificial intelligence and adaptive learning tools as well as digital assessment tools in order to achieve better performance.

Francis Ifedayo Joshua, Accounting - Bamidele Olumilua University Of Education, Science And Technology, 2023

This paper examines the effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period (2012-2021). Data were collected from secondary sources through Central Bank of Nigeria statistical Bulletin, audited annual financial statements, Journals and business report. The effect of corporate governance was measured using board independence, audit committee, gender diversity, board size and audit tenure. Return on asset was regressed on Board independence, Audit committee, Gender diversity, Board size and audit tenure using simple linear regression analysis. Board independence has insignificant but positive relationship with bank performance (P- value > 0.05, P=0.74, R= 0.180) , Audit committee has insignificant but positive impact on financial performance of DMBs (P- value > 0.05, P=0.489, R=0.070) , Gender diversity has insignificant and negative impact on the financial performance of DMBs (P- value > 0.05, P=0.171, R= -0.138), Board size has significant but negative impact on the financial performance of DMBs (P- value < 0.05, P<0.008, R= -0.264) and Audit tenure has insignificant and negative impact (P- value > 0.05, P=0.605, R= -0.052) in the financial performance of Deposit money banks in Nigeria.

Abdulmalik Hidal, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Diphtheria is commonly recognized as a childhood disease, predominantly affecting children under the age of 12 years. The global burden of diphtheria has been significantly reduced in developed countries worldwide, with considerable progress in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria over the past few decades. Ref Mothers of young children play a crucial role in ensuring that children under the age of 5 years are vaccinated and proper preventive measures are taken to prevent the spread of diphtheria infection. The level of knowledge, awareness and preventive practices related to diphtheria in some communities played an important role in the prevention and control of diphtheria infections. This study was aimed at assessment of knowledge, attitude and preventive practices towards diphtheria infection among mothers of children under the age of five years in Jushi community, Sabon Gari LGA, Kaduna State. A cross sectional-descriptive study using self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was carried out. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the total sample size of 329 respondents. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Descriptive statistics was done for the socio-demographic characteristics and categorical variables using simple frequencies and percentages. Bivariate analysis was done using Chi square or Fischer exact test to test the significance of association between the independent and dependent variables at p < 0.05 was considered level of significance. Result revealed that the majority of mothers (62.7%) were between 24 and 29 years old, with an average age of 28.1 years. Most participants practiced Islam (87.2%) and belonged to the Hausa ethnic group (51.4%), though other ethnicities, such as Fulani (10.0%), Yoruba (10.3%), and Igbo (2.4%), were also represented. Result revealed that knowledge of diphtheria infection was predominantly poor, with 66.0% of mothers categorized as having poor knowledge, while only 34.0% had good knowledge. Pertaining attitude, result showed that 65.0% of mothers had a negative attitude toward diphtheria infection, while only 35.0% had a positive attitude. The preventive practices were overwhelmingly poor, with 90.9% of mothers demonstrating poor practices, while only 9.1% had good preventive practices. The bivariate analysis indicates that age was a crucial determinant pertaining knowledge of diphtheria, religion also played a role and ethnicity was a significant factor (p <0.001). Furthermore, age and tribe were crucial determinant of attitude and preventive practice towards diphtheria (p <0.001). This study reveals poor knowledge, attitude and preventive practices regarding diphtheria in Jushi community,. Widespread vaccine hesitancy persists due to prevalent misconceptions and distrust in immunization. Alarmingly low vaccination rates were observed, with many children missing essential vaccine doses. It was recommended among others that State Ministry of Health should launch mass media campaigns targeting mothers, emphasizing vaccine safety and diphtheria risks

Abdulwaris Abdulrasheed, Human Anatomy - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

Lead (Pb) is a pervasive environmental pollutant known to induce nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress and inflammation. This study investigated the protective effects of Terminalia catappa bark extract on lead-induced kidney damage in Wistar rats. Twelve rats were divided into four groups: control (distilled water), lead-exposed (90 mg/kg lead acetate), lead + T. catappa (500 mg/kg extract), and T. catappa only. After 21 days, kidney tissues were analyzed histologically. The lead-exposed group exhibited severe tubular necrosis, glomerular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation, while the T. catappa-treated group showed significant preservation of renal architecture, with reduced necrosis and inflammation. These findings suggest that T. catappa bark extract mitigates lead-induced nephrotoxicity, likely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study supports the potential of T. catappa as a natural therapeutic agent against heavy metal-induced kidney damage, warranting further mechanistic and clinical research.