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Ponle Bashirat Ayomide, Zoology - Bayero University, Kano, 2025

The study was conducted at the Department of Biological Science Bayero University Kano laboratory which was aimed at studying the effect of Citrus sinensis peel extract on larvae and adult of Culex quinquefasciatu. Citrus sinensis peel was collected from Rijiyar lemo in Kano state and was later processed using standard procedure. The peel was extracted using maceration method. Mosquito larvae was collected from the gutter at female hostel Bayero University Kano and was reared at the laboratory using standard procedure. The adult mosquito was identified using a proper taxonomic guild. Bioassay for the larvae and adult were conducted using procedure. The result of the study indicated that Citrus sinensis peel extracted at 6%w/v concentration recorded the highest mortality of the larvae (44.44%) followed by 4%w/v which also recorded (29.63%) mortality. In conclusion Citrus sinensis peel extract at 6%w/v concentration was most effective in killing mosquito larvae and adult respectively. It is recommended that, encouraging public the benefit of Citrus sinensis peel extract will promote waste recycling and sustainability and as well increasing public awareness and implementation on natural mosquito control methods to reduce mosquito population.

Abdulwahab Muhammed Ajikobi, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Food hygiene is critical for preventing foodborne illnesses, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, where street food vending is widespread. Despite efforts by regulatory agencies, poor hygiene practices persist due to inadequate knowledge, infrastructure, and enforcement. This study assessed food vendors' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding food hygiene in Sabon-Gari LGA to identify gaps and recommend improvements. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 152 food vendors selected via multistage sampling. Data were collected using a pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire, covering socio-demographics, knowledge (7 questions), attitude (5 Likert-scale questions), and practices (5 questions). Scores were categorized as "good" (≥70%) or "poor" (<70%). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, with chi-square tests examining associations between variables (p<0.05 significance). Most respondents were between the age group 15–35 years (82.2%), female (73.7%), and had tertiary education (50%). Knowledge was good in (73%) of vendors, with (84.2%) recognizing food contamination risks. Attitude was positive in (85.5%), with (84.2)% agreeing on protective gear use. However, only (35.5%) consistently washed hands, and (27.8)% always used protective clothing. Infrastructure gaps were notable as (61.8%) lacked regulatory oversight, and (57.2%) reported poor hygiene facilities. Education level significantly influenced knowledge (p=0.001), attitude (p=0.001), and practice (p=0.001). While food vendors demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitudes, practices and infrastructure were suboptimal. Targeted interventions including hygiene training, provision of handwashing facilities, and stricter enforcement of regulations are recommended to bridge these gaps and reduce foodborne disease risks in the community.

Shamsudeen Bilyamin, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Premarital screening is defined as a panel of tests in which couples that are going to get married are tested for genetic, infectious, and blood transmitted diseases to prevent any risk of transmitting disease to their children. Premarital screening aims primarily to give couples (who are planning to get married soon) medical consultation on the odds of transmitting genetic diseases to their children. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the schools. Selection of students was done using a simple random sampling. Data was collected using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. A total of 415 respondents participated in the study, with a 100% response rate and a mean age of 16 years. Findings reveal that 99% of the respondents have good knowledge with only 1% who have poor knowledge. The result shows that the age group 15-19, female sex and SS2 class have higher level of good knowledge, however there is significant statistical relationship between sex, class and knowledge of Premarital screening on Hepatitis B.

Kazeem Oluwaseun Kareem, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Sickle cell disease is a global lifelong but preventable genetic blood disorder and it is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa within population of very similar geographical distribution. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2025 with 80 sickle cell disease patients, selected via multistage sampling across 2 units. Data was collected using a semi- structured questionnaire on determinants of frequency of sickle cell crisis. Data was analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics. Out of the eighty respondents (mean age was 16.1, 52.5% male). 96.3% has bone pain crisis, and 75 % with 4 days duration of crisis. 23.7% has their last episode of crisis 3 months ago, with 61.2% having severe crisis where 40% were admitted twice in the last two years. 42.5% identified stress as a trigger factor and about 70% of the respondents were not on hydroxyurea. Strenuous exercise appears to be the leading risk factor that trigger the sickle cell crisis among the patients’ attending clinic in ABUTH. Therefore, the management intervention should health education of the risk factor and compliance on their medication.

Abdullahi Saleh Yusuf, Community Medicine - Ahmadu Bello University, 2025

Mental health is an important branch of optimal health based on the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of health. Depression is one of the major mental illnesses prevalent in recent times, and it is a common mental disorder. Even though depression is a major mental illness is routinely disregarded or dismissed in most cultures globally, particularly among adolescents in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical features of depression and its management among patients attending psychiatric clinic in ABUTH from 2019 to 2024. Method: The study was descriptive cross sectional in nature and employed a systematic sampling technique. A total of 89 folders of the patients were surveyed by using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Low energy (78.2%), Suicidal attempt (75.2%), Persistently low mood (71.3%)decreased interest in pleasurable activities (70.3%) and poor concentration (56.4%)are found to be the common clinical presentation among the patients respectively and suicidal ideation(20.8%), low libido (24.8), agitation sleep change (35.6%) and feeling of guilt (48.5%) respectively are the least clinical presentation among the patients. Psychotherapy (84.2%), antidepressant (84.2%) and electroconvulsive therapy (67.3%) are common modalities of management of depression in ABUTH. The depressive features with the highest prevalence are low energy, Suicidal attempt, persistently low mood, decreased interest in pleasurable activities and poor concentration. Depressive symptoms are commonly managed by either Psychotherapy, antidepressant and electroconvulsive therapy or both depending on the severity.